Thermodynamics

	CONTENTS
I	Conservation of energy: the First Law	2
II	Spontaneous processes: the Second Law and entropy	6
II.1	Entropy	6
II.2	Further consequences of the Second Law. Free energy	16
II.3	Miscellaneous results. Mathematical aspects of Thermodynamics	19
III	Phase equilibria of a pure substance	21
IV	Thermodynamics of open systems	27
IV.1	Homogeneous one-component system	27
IV.2	Homogeneous mixtures	28
IV.3	General properties of the m_i	31
V	Heterogeneous mixtures: The Phase Rule	33
VI	Chemical reactions and equilibrium	35
VII	Mixtures of perfect gases	37
VII.1	Thermodynamics of mixing. Chemical potentials	37
VII.2	Chemical equilibrium in gas mixtures	40
VIII	Liquid mixtures	43
VIII.1	Ideal solutions	43
VIII.1.1	Raoult's law. p-x and T-x diagrams	43
VIII.1.2	Thermodynamic properties of ideal solutions	46
VIII.2	Non-ideal solutions	47
VIII.2.1	Phase diagrams. Activity	47
VIII.2.2	Incomplete miscibility	50
IX	Dilute solutions	53
IX.1	Chemical potentials	53
IX.2	Colligative properties	54
IX.3	Chemical equilibrium in dilute solutions. Solubility. Activity	58

C 33J Thermodynamics Lecture Notes